Ling 555: Sociolinguistics of World Englishes
1-2.30: Tu, Th
Instructor: Rakesh Bhatt
Office hrs: 3-5 W, and by appointment
Office: 4109 FLB
Phone: 333-7017
E-mail: rbhatt@uiuc.edu
Course description:
This course is designed to cover some fundamental issues in the spread, acquisition, and use of English across cultures. The field of world Englishes represents a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of English language variation—from monolithic to multicultural—in so far as diverse linguistic, cultural and ideological voices are able to articulate . The pluralization, EnglishES, represents the various identities English has accrued as a result of its acculturation in new linguistic ecologies. Students will therefore be introduced to the formal and functional implications of the global spread and stratification of English, its acculturation in “non-native” contexts, bilingual creativity, and learning and teaching of English as a second (additional) language.
The underlying aim of the course is to demonstrate how the study of world Englishes, with its emphasis on plurality, problematizes the established orthodoxies in the applied linguistics study of English as a second language (ESL). In order to fulfil this aim, the empirical scope of this course will be largely restricted to critical analyses of the varieties of English used as additional languages in multilingual and multicultural contexts (e.g., South Asia, parts of Africa, Southeast Asia). The students, however, will be encouraged to discuss/present empirical research from other (than those discussed in class) English-using contexts.
There is no pre-requisite for this course, although students are required to come prepared to read, write, and keep an open mind.
Course evaluation:
Response papers (weekly, 2 pages): 30%
Class presentations: 20%
Final research paper: 50%
• Response papers allow students to present an informed critique of the assigned readings. The idea is NOT a review, but a critique. Each paper will be assigned a letter grade.
• Students will be assigned readings, which they will present to class. A 2-page handout of the major empirical/theoretical arguments of the assigned reading must be clearly outlined in the handout. The presentation should not take more than 20 mins, leaving 10 mins for questions and comments. Each presentation will be assigned a letter grade.
• Final research paper will require empirical or theoretical investigation of matters critical to ELT theory and practice. The research topic (research question) must be discussed with me before a substantial investment of time and energy is made. A good rough draft must be ready for class presentation on the last day of class, 28 April. The final paper will be assigned a letter grade.
Recommended Texts:
Kachru, Braj (ed.) (1992). The other tongue: English across cultures. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. (TOT)
Phillipson, Robert (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford: Oxford UP. (LI)
Pennycook, Alastair (1994). The cultural politics of English. London: Routledge. (CPE)
Course Schedule:
Week 1. Introduction to the course
Jan 21 (No class on Jan 23)
Week 2. Contextualizing world Englishes
Jan 28-30
Readings:
Bhatt, R. M. 2001. World Englishes. Annual Review of Anthropology, 30.
Kachru, B. B. and C. Nelson. 1996. World Englishes. In S. McKay and N. Hornberger (eds.) Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching. CUP.
Kandiah, T. 1998. Why new Englishes? In Foley, J. et al. English in New Cultural Contexts. OUP.
Week 3. Spread and Stratification
Feb 4-6
Readings:
Kachru, B. B. 1992. The second diaspora of English. In T. Machan & C. Scott (eds.) English in its social contexts: Essays in historical sociolinguistics. OUP.
Strevens, Peter. 1982. English as an international language. TOT.
*Bruthiax, Paul. 2003. Squaring the circles. Ms. (To appear: InJAL)
Week 4. English-using communities across cultures
Feb 11-13
Readings:
Kachru, B. B. 1982. South Asian English. In R. Bailey and M. Gorlach (eds.) English as a World Language. U. Michigan Press.
Bokamba, E. 1991. West Africa. In J. Cheshire (ed.) English around the World. CUP.
Zuengler, J. 1982. Kenyan English. TOT.
*D’souza, J. 2001. Contextualizing range and depth in Indian English. WE.
Week 5. Structure of world Englishes: Syntax
Feb 18-20
Readings:
Sridhar, S. N. 1992. The ecology of bilingual competence. WE.
Alsagoff, L. and H. C. Lick. 1998. The grammar of Singapore English. In Foley, J. et al. English in New Cultural Contexts. OUP.
*Bhatt, R. 2000. Optimal expressions in Indian English. ELL.
Week 6. Structure of world Englishes: Pragmatics
Feb 25-27
Readings:
Kachru, Y. 1991. Speech acts in world Englishes. WE.
Stevens, P. 1994. The pragmatics of street hustlers’ English in Egypt. WE.
*Sridhar, K. 1996. The pragmatics of South Asian English. In R. Baumgardner (ed.) South Asian English. U. Illinois Press.
Week 7. Structure of world Englishes: Discourse
March 4-6
Readings:
Kachru, B. 1987. The bilingual’s creativity: Discoursal and stylistic strategies in contact literature. In L. Smith (ed.) Discourse across Cultures. Prentice Hall.
*Malcolm, I. 1994. Discourse and discourse strategies in Australian Aboriginal English. WE.
Clyne, Michael. (1987). Discourse structures and discourse expectations: Implications for Anglo-German Academic communication in English. In L. Smith (ed.) Discourse across cultures. Prentice Hall.
Week 8. English Language Teaching (ELT): Overview
March 11-13
Readings:
Prator, Clifford 1968. The British heresy in TESOL. In Joshua Fishman, Charles Ferguson and Jyotindra Das Gupta (eds.) Language problems of developing nations. Wiley. 459-476.
Kachru, B. 1976. Models of English for the third world: White man's linguistic burden or language pragmatics? TESOL Quarterly 10: 221-239.
Romaine, S. 1997. The British heresy in ESL revisited. In Eliasson, S. & Jahr, E. (eds.) Language and its ecology. Mouton de Gruyter. 417-432.
Week 9. ELT: Contemporary contexts
March 18-20
Readings:
Kachru, B. 1992. World Englishes: Approaches, Issues and resources. Language Teaching, 25.1. 1-14.
*Pennycook, A. 1995. English in the world/The world in English. In J. Tollefson (ed.) Power and inequality in language and education. CUP. 34-58.
*Mazrui, A. 2002. The English language in African education: Dependency and decolonization. In J. Tollefson (ed.) Language policies in education. Lawrence Erlbaum. 267-281.
Week 10. ELT: The learner
April 1-3
Readings:
Selinker, L. 1972. Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics 10: 209-231.
Rampton, M. B. H. 1990. Displacing the "native speaker": expertise, affiliation, and inheritance. ELT Journal 44. 97-101.
Sridhar, S. N. 1994. A reality check for SLA theories. TESOL Quarterly 28. 800-805.
Cook, V. (1999) Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching. TESOL Quarterly 33. 185-209.
Singh, R. et al. 1995. On new/non-native Englishes. Journal of Pragmatics 24. 283-333.
Week 11. ELT: Standard and Standardization
April 8-10
Readings:
Quirk, R. 1990. Language varieties and standard language. English Today 21: 3-10.
Kachru, B. 1991. Liberation linguistics and the Quirk concerns. English Today 25: 3-13.
*Bhatt, R. 2002. Experts, dialects, and discourse. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12. 74-109.
Week 12. ELT: Intelligibility and its kin
April 15-17
Readings:
Nelson, C. 1992. My language, your culture: Whose communicative competence? In Braj Kachru (ed.) The other tongue: English across cultures. University of Illinois Press. 327-339.
Smith, Larry 1992. Spread of English and issues of intelligibility. In B. Kachru (ed.) The other tongue: English across cultures. University of Illinois Press. 75-90.
*Derwing, T. & M. Munro (1997) Accent, intelligibility, and comprehensibility. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 19: 1-16.
Week 13. ELT: The power and politics
April 22-24
Readings:
Kachru, B. B. 1987. The power and politics of English. WE, 5. 121-140.
*Auerbach, E. 1995. The politics of the ESL classroom: issues of power in pedagogical choices. In J. Tollefson (ed.) Power and inequality in language and education. CUP. 9-33.
*Pennycook, A. 2002. The politics of language. In Critical applied linguistics. Lawrence Erlbaum. 46-73.
*Pennycook, A. 2002. The politics of pedagogy. In Critical applied linguistics. Lawrence Erlbaum. 114-140.
Week 14. Research Presentations
April 29-May 1
Week 15. Research Presentations
May 6
RESEARCH PAPERS DUE: MAY 12
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